First aid - Hypothermia

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First aid - Hypothermia



















































































































































































































































































































































Under most conditions your body maintains a healthy temperature.

However, when exposed to cold temperatures or to a cool, damp

environment for prolonged periods, your body's control mechanisms may

fail to keep your body temperature normal. When more heat is lost than

your body can generate, hypothermia can result.



Wet or inadequate clothing, falling into cold water, and even having an

uncovered head during cold weather can all increase your chances of

hypothermia.



Hypothermia is defined as an internal body temperature less than 95 F (35 C). Signs and symptoms include:



ShiveringSlurred speechAbnormally slow breathingCold, pale skinLoss of coordinationFatigue, lethargy or apathyConfusion or memory loss



Signs and symptoms usually develop slowly. People with hypothermia

typically experience gradual loss of mental acuity and physical

ability, so they may be unaware that they need emergency medical

treatment.



Older adults, infants, young children and people who are very lean are

at particular risk. Other people at higher risk of hypothermia include

those whose judgment may be impaired by mental illness or Alzheimer's

disease and people who are intoxicated, homeless or caught in cold

weather because their vehicles have broken down. Other conditions that

may predispose people to hypothermia are malnutrition, cardiovascular

disease and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).



To care for someone with hypothermia:



Call for emergency medical assistance.

While waiting for help to arrive, monitor the person's breathing. If

breathing stops or seems dangerously slow or shallow, begin

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately.Move the person out of the cold.

If going indoors isn't possible, protect the person from the wind,

cover his or her head, and insulate his or her body from the cold

ground.Remove wet clothing. Replace wet things with a warm, dry covering.Don't apply direct heat.

Don't use hot water, a heating pad or a heating lamp to warm the

victim. Instead, apply warm compresses to the neck, chest wall and

groin. Don't attempt to warm the arms and legs. Heat applied to the

arms and legs forces cold blood back toward the heart, lungs and brain,

causing the core body temperature to drop. This can be fatal.Don't give the person alcohol. Offer warm nonalcoholic drinks, unless the person is vomiting.Don't massage or rub the person. Handle people with hypothermia gently, because they're at risk of cardiac arrest.